यत्र योगेश्वरः कृष्णो यत्र पार्थो धनुर्धरः। तत्र श्रीर्विजयो भूतिर्ध्रुवा नीतिर्मतिर्मम।।18.78।

Wherever Krishna, the Lord of Yoga, is; and wherever Arjuna, the wielder of the bow, is; there is prosperity, victory, happiness, and a firm policy; this is my conviction.

ChaptersChapter 16

Chapter 16

Yoga through Discerning the Divine and Demoniac Natures

A lucid translation of the whole chapter

The Blessed Lord said: Fearlessness, purity of heart, steadfastness in spiritual knowledge, charity, self-control, sacrifice, the study of sacred texts, austerity, and uprightness—these are the hallmarks of a divine nature. Other qualities include non-violence, truthfulness, absence of anger, renunciation, peacefulness, a heart free from malice, compassion for all beings, lack of greed, gentleness, modesty, and steady determination. Vigor, forgiveness, fortitude, physical and mental purity, and an absence of pride are the natural endowments of one born into a state of divinity, O Arjuna. Conversely, there is the demoniacal nature, characterized by hypocrisy, arrogance, conceit, anger, harshness, and ignorance. Know that divine qualities lead to liberation, while demonic qualities lead to bondage. Do not grieve, O Arjuna, for you were born with the divine heritage. In this world, all beings fall into two categories: the divine and the demoniacal. I have already described the divine; now, listen as I explain the nature of the demoniac. Those possessed of a demonic nature do not understand what ought to be done and what ought to be avoided. They possess neither purity, nor right conduct, nor truth. They claim that the universe is devoid of truth, moral order, or a divine governor, insisting it arises only from mutual desire and is driven by lust. Holding such distorted views, these lost souls of small intelligence become the enemies of the world, engaging in fierce and destructive deeds. Filled with insatiable desires, consumed by hypocrisy, pride, and arrogance, they cling to false notions and act with impure resolve. They remain burdened by endless anxieties that persist until the moment of their death, convinced that the gratification of lust is the sole purpose of life. Bound by a hundred ties of desire and enslaved by their own anger, they strive to accumulate wealth by unjust means simply to satisfy their cravings. "I have gained this today," they think, "and I shall fulfill this desire tomorrow. This wealth is mine, and more shall be mine in the future. I have destroyed my enemies, and I will destroy others as well. I am the lord, the enjoyer, the successful, the powerful, and the happy. I am wealthy and well-born; who else is like me? I will perform sacrifices, I will give charity, and I will rejoice." Thus, deluded by ignorance and bewildered by countless fancies, they are caught in a net of illusion. Addicted to sensual pleasure, they descend into a foul and dark existence. Self-conceited, stubborn, and intoxicated by wealth and status, they perform rituals only in name and out of vanity, disregarding the true path laid down by the scriptures. Driven by ego, power, arrogance, lust, and anger, these malicious people despise Me, dwelling within themselves and in others. These cruel and hateful individuals, the lowest of the low, I repeatedly cast into the cycles of existence, condemning them to birth in the wombs of those with similar demonic tendencies. Entrapped in such natures, birth after birth, they never attain Me, O Arjuna; instead, they sink to the lowest states of existence. There are three gates to this hell, which destroy the very soul: lust, anger, and greed. Therefore, one must abandon these three. A person who avoids these three gateways to darkness acts for their own true welfare and eventually reaches the Supreme Goal. But he who discards the guidance of the scriptures and follows only the impulses of his own desires attains neither perfection, nor happiness, nor the ultimate destination. Therefore, let the scriptures be your authority in determining what should be done and what should be avoided. Understand the commands of the sacred laws, and perform your actions in this world accordingly.