Yoga through Discerning the Divine and Demoniac Natures
Verse 16.4
दम्भो दर्पोऽभिमानश्च क्रोधः पारुष्यमेव च।अज्ञानं चाभिजातस्य पार्थ सम्पदमासुरीम्।।16.4।।
dambho darpo ’bhimānaśh cha krodhaḥ pāruṣhyam eva cha ajñānaṁ chābhijātasya pārtha sampadam āsurīm
Word Meanings
dambhaḥ—hypocrisy; darpaḥ—arrogance; abhimānaḥ—conceit; cha—and; krodhaḥ—anger; pāruṣhyam—harshness; eva—certainly; cha—and; ajñānam—ignorance; cha—and; abhijātasya—of those who possess; pārtha—Arjun, the son of Pritha; sampadam—qualities; āsurīm—demoniac
Translation · English
Hypocrisy, arrogance, and self-conceit, anger, harshness, and ignorance—these belong to one who is born for a demoniacal state, O Partha.
Deep Meaning · English
In this verse, Bhagavan Krishna delineates the demonic temperament (asuri sampad) not merely as a set of moral failings, but as a psychological structure born of fundamental ignorance (ajnana) regarding the nature of the Self. When the soul is alienated from its divine essence, it constructs a brittle shell of ego to define its existence. Dambha (hypocrisy) and Darpa (arrogance) are the outward expressions of this inner void; they represent the desperate attempt to validate a false identity by seeking external recognition and asserting superiority over others. This state of being creates a feedback loop where the soul, feeling perpetually threatened, reacts with Krodha (anger) and harshness (parushyam) toward the world, further obscuring the light of Atma-Jnana. Krishna categorizes these traits as the heritage of those born into demoniac tendencies, signifying a deep-seated samskara (tendency) that traps the seeker in the realm of duality and suffering. This is not meant to condemn individuals, but to expose the 'architecture' of the ego that prevents the realization of oneness. By identifying these as the markers of asuric nature, Krishna urges Arjuna—and by extension, the sincere seeker—to practice discernment (viveka). To be free, one must recognize these impulses not as 'I' or 'mine,' but as the veils of ignorance that prevent the manifestation of the divine qualities, such as fearlessness and purity, described earlier in the chapter.
The demonic nature is not an external force but the self-protective mechanism of the ego, which sustains its existence through the architecture of arrogance, hypocrisy, and anger.
Connected Verses
It identifies these three traits—lust, anger, and greed—as the gateways to hell, representing the expansion of the traits listed in 16.4.
Describes how the demonic ego, fueled by these traits, ends up hating the Divine within themselves and others.
Provides the antithesis by listing humility and absence of vanity as the true knowledge that opposes the demonic nature.
Explains the causal chain starting from contemplation of objects that leads directly to the anger and confusion mentioned in 16.4.
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