Yoga through Discerning the Three Divisions of Faith
Verse 17.4
यजन्ते सात्त्विका देवान्यक्षरक्षांसि राजसाः।प्रेतान्भूतगणांश्चान्ये यजन्ते तामसा जनाः।।17.4।।
yajante sāttvikā devān yakṣha-rakṣhānsi rājasāḥ pretān bhūta-gaṇānśh chānye yajante tāmasā janāḥ
Word Meanings
yajante—worship; sāttvikāḥ—those in the mode of goodness; devān—celestial gods; yakṣha—semi-celestial beings who exude power and wealth; rakṣhānsi—powerful beings who embody sensual enjoyment, revenge, and wrath; rājasāḥ—those in the mode of passion; pretān-bhūta-gaṇān—ghosts and spirits; cha—and; anye—others; yajante—worship; tāmasāḥ—those in the mode of ignorance; janāḥ—persons
Translation · English
The sattvic, or pure, men worship the gods; the rajasic, or passionate, worship the yakshas and rakshasas; the others, the tamasic or deluded people, worship ghosts and hosts of nature-spirits.
Deep Meaning · English
In this verse, Bhagavan Krishna reveals the profound psychological truth that the object of one’s worship is merely a reflection of the quality of one’s own consciousness. The term 'yajante' (worship) extends beyond formal ritual; it encompasses the fundamental direction of our desires, the focus of our meditation, and the values we elevate to the status of divinity. When the sattvic intellect prevails, one naturally seeks connection with the divine, the illuminating forces that represent light, purity, and universal order. This represents a desire for transcendence and the preservation of dharma. Conversely, those governed by rajas, the mode of restless passion, gravitate toward power, status, and sensual gratification, effectively deifying the external manifestations of influence. The tamasic individual, clouded by the darkness of ignorance, becomes shackled to the subconscious manifestations of fear and shadow—represented by the worship of ghosts and spirits. Krishna is teaching Arjuna that what we worship determines what we become. By identifying the target of our devotion, we diagnose the health of our inner life and the trajectory of our evolution. This discourse is not merely a classification of rituals, but an urgent call to examine the hidden currents of our own hearts, as these currents determine the gravity that will pull our consciousness toward either liberation or further entanglement in the material web.
Your worship is the external mirror of your internal guna—what you cherish with your heart reveals exactly where your soul is currently dwelling.
Connected Verses
This verse immediately precedes the discussion, establishing the principle that a person's faith is formed according to their inherent nature.
This captures the downward trajectory of those who act against the Divine, illustrating how misdirected devotion keeps the soul trapped in demonic cycles.
This verse reinforces the consequence of devotion, stating that worshippers of different beings reach those specific states, whereas the devotee of the Divine reaches Him.
Krishna explains that those whose knowledge is stolen by desires worship various deities, reflecting the same principle of consciousness-based devotion.
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