Yoga through Discerning the Three Divisions of Faith
Verse 17.13
विधिहीनमसृष्टान्नं मन्त्रहीनमदक्षिणम्।श्रद्धाविरहितं यज्ञं तामसं परिचक्षते।।17.13।।
vidhi-hīnam asṛiṣhṭānnaṁ mantra-hīnam adakṣhiṇam śhraddhā-virahitaṁ yajñaṁ tāmasaṁ parichakṣhate
Word Meanings
vidhi-hīnam—without scriptural direction; asṛiṣhṭa-annam—without distribution of prasādam; mantra-hīnam—with no chanting of the Vedic hymns; adakṣhiṇam—with no remunerations to the priests; śhraddhā—faith; virahitam—without; yajñam—sacrifice; tāmasam—in the mode of ignorance; parichakṣhate—is to be considered
Translation · English
They declare that sacrifice to be Tamasic which is contrary to the ordinances of the scriptures, in which no food is distributed, and which is devoid of mantras, gifts, and faith.
Deep Meaning · English
In this verse, Bhagavan Krishna delineates the characteristics of a 'Tamasic' sacrifice, which serves as a profound psychological diagnostic tool for the seeker. Sacrifice (Yajna) in the Gita represents any action performed as a sacred offering to the Divine. When this act is stripped of scriptural guidance, the distribution of grace (prasada), sacred vibration (mantra), and selfless intent (dakshina), it loses its transformative power. It is not merely a ritualistic failure; it is a symptom of a consciousness clouded by inertia, where the ego acts solely for selfish gratification rather than as a conduit for the cosmic order (Rta). By identifying these four deficits, Krishna encourages us to examine whether our daily actions—our 'sacrifices' of time and energy—are anchored in a higher purpose or merely reactive, dull, and disconnected from the sacred reality of the Self. A Tamasic sacrifice represents the total absence of 'Sraddha' (faith/heartfelt conviction), rendering the act lifeless. It reminds the seeker that spirituality is not about the outward form alone, but the inward orientation of the heart. When we act without reverence for the process, generosity toward others, or mindfulness of the Divine presence, we descend into a state of spiritual stagnation. To avoid this, the seeker must cultivate the light of knowledge and the warmth of devotion, ensuring that every effort—from the mundane to the sublime—is consecrated and aligned with universal harmony.
True sacrifice is an act of total surrender to the Divine; when stripped of faith, mindfulness, and generosity, it collapses into the darkness of inertia and self-absorption.
Connected Verses
Contrastingly defines the Sattvic sacrifice, which is performed as a duty with a mind fixed on the Divine rather than personal gain.
Concludes the chapter by emphasizing that any action done without faith is 'Asat' (unreal), reinforcing the central importance of Sraddha.
Illustrates that for the realized soul, the entire process of action is a divine offering, representing the antithesis of the Tamasic state.
Explains the necessity of offering one's work as a yajna to avoid the 'eating of sin,' echoing the importance of proper intention in action.
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